In original Sogdian texts, and in texts which were translated into Sogdian from Buddhist, Manichaean or Christian sources, one comes across a wide range of titles and honorifics that were used to indicate the place of the person in question in the social hierarchy. And in this group of titles, there is a whole category of honorifics for aristocratic ladies. The author sets out to explore this particular category, which she says is an indication of the high status that ladies of rank enjoyed in Sogdian society.

Undoubtedly, the articles published in scientific journals will not be free from defects, and their critique, which is called "critique of critique", can provide the ground for other authors to learn and refrain from using such flaws in their subsequent articles. The Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab), which is published under the auspices of the Vice Chancellor for Research of Shiraz University, is one of the most reputable Q2 journals (ISC). In order to critically review this journal, the author of the present study has reviewed the titles of articles published in this journal (Nos. 1-40) and has tried to pathologize them. The results of this study show that, out of 347 published articles, a total of 153 titles are not in accordance with the scientific principles of essay writing, most of which have used the word "review" and its equivalents in the title. There are ten titles that are ambiguous and twenty titles which used general titles.

In this article, the author briefly introduces Hussein ibn Mansur-i Hallaj, the AH 3rd-century mystic, and deals with the reasons why different titles were ascribled to him by the ‘Abbasids and others in different sources. Then, he states his own views about those who gave Hallaj honorific and negative titles. The main part of the article deals with the accusations laid against him by the Mu‘tazilids and later by the Sunni mystics.

Parthian era is an important part of the history of Iran and the world, and one of the most accessible resources to identify and study different political, social and artistic aspects of this time is to study the coins of that era. Inscriptions and the names listed on Parthian coins, often written in Greek, had a variety of purposes, including the political, familial, ethnical and religious aspects. The reason for such a use can be found from the nature of coins because they were an efficient tool for sending the Parthian kings message to different communities under their influence. In the second half of the Parthian era, some titles were gradually appeared on coins in Parthian language and in the last decades, the Greek titles lost their advertising use and remained as an element of little importance and illegible in many cases, on the coins of this era. This research using library resources alongside of museum reviews, and analyze of the obtained data, studies the process of forming, quiddity and the reasons of the decline of the inscriptions in Parthian coins.

Quatrain is one of the most popular forms of Persian folk poetry. In the early literary works and in different regions in Iran, various names are used to refer to Quatrain: Fahlavi, Tarā ne, Hā jiyā ni, Qaribi, Faryā d, Š arve and so forth. The question is if these different names correspond to different genres with distinct characteristics, or they are merely different names that all belong to one autonomous genre, based on the generic and literary criteria. To answer this question, the structure and content of approximately five thousand three hundred Persian Quatrains were studied, including Č ā rbeiti, Seytak, Š arve, Ferā qi, Faryā d, Falaki, Kallegi, Hazā ragy, Hoseinā , Najmā , and Š arbe. The results show that, based on the generic and literary criteria, all of the above-mentioned have the same structural and content features and should be classified under the Quatrain genre.

Janissaries were the most important division of the Ottoman infantry that had a significant role in the expansion of Ottoman territory and its establishment. Despite this militancy, most of the Janissaries titles were not military. Some of them were derived from the kitchen jobs, whereas their duties were not related to the kitchen duties. Another part of the titles, were hunter’s and the gundogs training group's names that indicated their job in the early Ottoman era. They gradually left their duties as haunters but kept their titles. Another part of the titles has been taken from Persian and Arabic languages that have been changed in terms of word and meaning among the Turks, so there is not any relation between the titles and their duties.

Out of all Imami jurisprudential sources, due to its immunity and centrality, the Quran is given priority to other religious sources. It not only considers different aspects including belief, prayers, morality and politics, but also pays particular attention to juridicial debates such as tort liability, and remedy (compensation), all definite issues which lead to tort liability, including destruction, indirect causation, extortion payment of undue, and management of the anather’s property are referred to in some verses, some verses refer to each consept individually and some others, with respect to the generality of the verse, include all-the-mentioned issues. Islamic legal experts have inferred many of the rules from the Quranic verses.